ABSTRACT
Nas reflexões acerca do que se pode adjetivar como o "novo imaginário anticapitalista", pode-se encontrar afirmações nas quais as práticas de economia solidária representam parte importante na estrutura da ponte de transição da resistência à alternativa ao capitalismo, sendo, portanto, um mecanismo fundamental na busca de alternativas de relacionamentos entre o Estado, o mercado e a sociedade. Sob essa perspectiva, a economia solidária pode significar novas formas ou modos de produção e distribuição. De seus suportes fundamentais, o cooperativismo popular pode ser considerado um dos principais. Por estar fundamentado em uma teoria própria de produção e distribuição de bens e serviços, quando exercido sob a forma autogestionária, o cooperativismo popular possui como ponto cardeal principal a emancipação em relação às formas liberais do mercado. Pode resgatar, nesse sentido, várias propostas alternativas de distribuição de poder e renda, representando a gênese do que se pode chamar de economia solidária.
In the reflections concerning what might be called the "new anti-capitalist scenario", we can find affirmatives in which the solidarity economy practices represent a very important part in the structure of the transition bridge from resistance to the alternative to capitalism, being, therefore, an essential mechanism in the search for alternatives of relationships among the State, the market, and the society. Under this perspective, the solidarity economy may imply new manners or ways of production and distribution. From its essential supports, popular cooperativism might be considered one of the most important. Due to the fact that it is based on a specific theory of production and distribution of goods and services, when exercised in a self-management way, popular cooperativism has as its main characteristic the emancipation in relation to the liberal forms of market. It may rescue, in this sense, several alternative propositions of distribution of power and income, representing the genesis of what might be called solidarity economy.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the implementation of two policies for territorial development of the Brazilian countryside in the first decade of the 21st century: the Program for the SustainableDevelopment of Rural Territories (Pronat) and the Program for Territories of Citizenship (PTC). Examining the new institutional arrangements, the programs' socialmanagement and governance structures, and the protagonist role of the various stakeholders, the article concludes that to a certain extent the programs represent a unique strategy for political action and development in the respective geographic areas.However, they still face enormous challenges for effective consolidation of their results.
Dans cet article, on examine lamise en place de deux politiques orientées vers le développement du territoire en milieu rural au Brésil dans les années 2000: le Programme de Développement Durable des Territoires Ruraux (Pronat) et le Programme Territoires de la Citoyenneté (PTC). D'après l'examen des nouvelles pratiques institutionnelles en cours, de la gestion sociale des programmes et de leurs structures de gouvernance, ainsi que du rôle des acteurs engagés, on conclut que ces derniers ont suivi, d'une certaine façon, une stratégie singulière d'action politique pour le développement des régions concernées, malgré les immenses enjeux à venir, afin d'aboutir à des résultats vraiment solides.